Amniocentesis can diagnose fetal genetic alterations. The results of this test takes three weeks to

Amniocentesis can diagnose fetal genetic alterations. The results of this test takes three weeks to arrive, but in recent years have developed two techniques for faster results: FISH and PCR.
Amniocentesis involves making a puncture into the amniotic sac, usually through the abdominal wall, with a thin needle to remove an amount of amniotic fluid. It takes place from the 14th week of pregnancy.
After making the extraction cultivated fetal cells are suspended in the amniotic fluid for karyotyping (genetic map) of the baby, this karyotype to diagnose abnormalities kabala such as trisomy 21, which causes Down syndrome.
In recent years, we have developed two new techniques for obtaining the result sooner. Usually only determined chromosomes 21, 18, 13 and X and Y, which are the recorded most frequent genetic alterations.
One technique is FISH (fluorescent in situ hybridization), which takes place in about 72 hours, and the other reaction (PCR polymerase chain), with which the result is obtained in less than 72 hours and is safer than FISH.

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